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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.
Topic 2	Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.
Topic 3	Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.
Topic 4	Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.
Topic 5	Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q107-Q112):

NEW QUESTION # 107
Which of the following tactics is associated with application programming interface (API) requests that may result in bypassing access control checks?

A. Forced browsing
B. Input injection
C. Broken access control
D. Insecure direct object reference

Answer: C

Explanation:
API requests that bypass access control checks typically fall under the category ofBroken Access Control.
This vulnerability occurs when the API fails to enforce restrictions on authenticated users, allowing them to access data or functionality they are not authorized to use.
* Example:An API endpoint that does not properly verify user roles might allow a standard user to perform admin actions.
* Related Issues:Insecure direct object references (IDOR), where APIs expose objects without sufficient authorization checks, often lead to broken access control.
* Impact:Attackers can exploit this to gain unauthorized access, modify data, or escalate privileges.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Insecure direct object reference:This is a type of broken access control, but the broader category is more appropriate.
* B. Input injection:Typically related to injection or command injection, not directly related to bypassing access controls.
* C. Forced browsing:Involves accessing unlinked or unauthorized resources via predictable URLs but is not specific to API vulnerabilities.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 7, Section "API Security," Subsection "Common API Vulnerabilities" - Broken access control remains a primary issue when API endpoints fail to enforce proper access restrictions.

NEW QUESTION # 108
The user of the Accounting workstation reported thattheir calculator repeatedly opens without their input.
The following credentials are used for thisquestion.
Username:Accounting
Password:1x-4cc0unt1NG-x1
Using the provided credentials, SSH to the Accountingworkstation and generate a SHA256 checksum of the filethat triggered RuleName Suspicious PowerShell usingeither certutil or Get-FileHash of the file causing theissue. Copy the hash and paste it below.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To generate theSHA256 checksumof the file that triggeredRuleName: Suspicious PowerShellon the Accounting workstation, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Establish an SSH Connection
* Open a terminal on your system.
* Use the provided credentials to connect to theAccounting workstation:
ssh Accounting@<Accounting_PC_IP>
* Replace <Accounting_PC_IP> with the actual IP address of the workstation.
* Enter the password when prompted:
1x-4cc0unt1NG-x1
Step 2: Locate the Malicious File
* Navigate to the typical directory where suspicious scripts are stored:
cd C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoaming
* List the contents to identify the suspicious file:
dir
* Look for a file related toPowerShell(e.g., calc.ps1), as the issue involved thecalculator opening repeatedly.
Step 3: Verify the Malicious File
* To ensure it is the problematic file, check for recent modifications:
powershell
Get-ChildItem -Path "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoaming" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.LastWriteTime
-ge (Get-Date).AddDays(-1) }
* This will list files modified within the last 24 hours.
* Check file properties:
powershell
Get-Item "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" | Format-List *
* Confirm it matches the file flagged byRuleName: Suspicious PowerShell.
Step 4: Generate the SHA256 Checksum
Method 1: Using PowerShell (Recommended)
* Run the following command to generate the hash:
powershell
Get-FileHash "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" -Algorithm SHA256
* Output Example:
mathematica
Algorithm Hash Path
--------- ---- ----
SHA256 d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d C:
UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1
Method 2: Using certutil (Alternative)
* Run the following command:
cmd
certutil -hashfile "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" SHA256
* Example Output:
SHA256 hash of calc.ps1:
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
CertUtil: -hashfile command completed successfully.
Step 5: Copy and Paste the Hash
* Copy theSHA256 hashfrom the output and paste it as required.
Final Answer:
nginx
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
Step 6: Immediate Actions
* Terminate the Malicious Process:
powershell
Stop-Process -Name "powershell" -Force
* Delete the Malicious File:
powershell
Remove-Item "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" -Force
* Disable Startup Entry:
* Check for any persistent scripts:
powershell
Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun"
* Remove any entries related to calc.ps1.
Step 7: Document the Incident
* Record the following:
* Filename:calc.ps1
* File Path:C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoaming
* SHA256 Hash:d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
* Date of Detection:(Today's date)

NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following is the MOST common output of a vulnerability assessment?

A. A list of authorized users and their access levels for each system and application
B. A list of potential attackers along with their IP addresses and geolocation data
C. A list of identified vulnerabilities along with a severity level for each
D. A detailed report on the overall vulnerability posture, including physical security measures

Answer: C

Explanation:
The most common output of a vulnerability assessment is a detailed list of identified vulnerabilities, each accompanied by a severity level (e.g., low, medium, high, critical). This output helps organizations prioritize remediation efforts based on risk levels.
* Purpose:Vulnerability assessments are designed to detect security weaknesses and misconfigurations.
* Content:The report typically includes vulnerability descriptions, affected assets, severity ratings (often based on CVSS scores), and recommendations for mitigation.
* Usage:Helps security teams focus on the most critical issues first.
Incorrect Options:
* B. A detailed report on overall vulnerability posture:While summaries may be part of the report, the primary output is the list of vulnerabilities.
* C. A list of potential attackers:This is more related to threat intelligence, not vulnerability assessment.
* D. A list of authorized users:This would be part of an access control audit, not a vulnerability assessment.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Vulnerability Management," Subsection "Vulnerability Assessment Process" - The primary output of a vulnerability assessment is a list of discovered vulnerabilities with associated severity levels.

NEW QUESTION # 110
Which of the following MOST directly supports the cybersecurity objective of integrity?

A. Digital signatures
B. Data backups
C. Encryption
D. Least privilege

Answer: A

Explanation:
The cybersecurity objective ofintegrityensures that data isaccurate, complete, and unaltered. The most direct method to support integrity is the use ofdigital signaturesbecause:
* Tamper Detection:A digital signature provides a way to verify that data has not been altered after signing.
* Authentication and Integrity:Combines cryptographic hashing and public key encryption to validate both the origin and the integrity of data.
* Non-Repudiation:Ensures that the sender cannot deny having sent the message.
* Use Case:Digital signatures are commonly used in secure email, software distribution, and document verification.
Other options analysis:
* A. Data backups:Primarily supports availability, not integrity.
* C. Least privilege:Supports confidentiality by limiting access.
* D. Encryption:Primarily supports confidentiality by protecting data from unauthorized access.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 5: Data Integrity Mechanisms:Discusses the role of digital signatures in preserving data integrity.
* Chapter 8: Cryptographic Techniques:Explains how signatures authenticate data.

NEW QUESTION # 111
Which type of access control can be modified by a user or data owner?

A. Rule-based access control
B. Role-based access control (RBAC)
C. Discretionary access control
D. Mandatory access control

Answer: C

Explanation:
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)allowsusers or data ownerstomodify access permissionsfor resources they own.
* Owner-Based Permissions:The resource owner decides who can access or modify the resource.
* Flexibility:Users cangrant, revoke, or change permissionsas needed.
* Common Implementation:File systems where owners set permissions for files and directories.
* Risk:Misconfigurations can lead to unauthorized access if not properly managed.
Other options analysis:
* A. Mandatory Access Control (MAC):Permissions are enforced by the system, not the user.
* B. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):Access is based on roles, not user discretion.
* D. Rule-Based Access Control:Permissions are determined by predefined rules, not user control.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 7: Access Control Models:Clearly distinguishes DAC from other access control methods.
* Chapter 9: Secure Access Management:Explains how DAC is implemented and managed.

NEW QUESTION # 112
......

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CCOA–100% Free Real Exam Answers | Efficient Latest ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Exam Materials

ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Cost-Effective ISACA CCOA Exam [2025]

ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q107-Q112):

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